为什么中国正限制未成年人每周只能玩三小时网络游戏？（其三）

主题：为什么中国正限制未成年人每周只能玩三小时网络游戏？

Jon R

关键是市场力量是把资源分配到社会整体上最需要的地方的最有效率的途径。但它确实如这些例子指出的，并不完美，而且如果不加以干预的话，会错误地管理可再生资源。对于有限资源的一个通常解决方案是，运用一种可转让的配额系统。加拿大的海产就是这样管理的，科学家们每年决定可以不破坏生态平衡的捕捞数量，每个商业参与者各自享有一定百分比的配额，超额捕捞即非法，将受到高额罚款。在这个系统最初建立时，可以根据相对市场份额为现有的参与者分配额度，但以后如果有人想加入市场，就必须向现有参与者购买份额。像那样，配额就能确保收获是可持续的且市场力量也被允许重新分配额度。土地会更棘手一些，因为它是一种根本上有限的资源，我不认为目前任何人想到了解决土地问题的好办法。不过新加坡已经有一个不错的系统来确保所有公民都有房可住，我认为那应该成为其他地区的模范。

Maxim Nesterenko

我认为土地购买应该被限制。人们可以拥有豪宅，但他们不能将远远超过他们毕生所需的土地据为私有。公共住房供给需要得到发展，直到能充分照顾没钱购房者的的需求。

社会流动的要素需要保持活力，而且所有东西都一旦被私有化，它们就消失了。因此除公共教育和住房外，还需要有什么东西来避免巨大规模的私有化。

老实说，以我拙见，最好是实施社会主义，然后尝试并修复资本主义带来的所有问题。

Adam Laq

分享一块馅饼没有什么错，但问题在于你买了别人的份，别人连面包屑都吃不上。

Maxim Nesterenko

但那总是自然发生，所以我们才需要1000条法律来控制资本家，不让他们成为滥用权力的垄断者，无论对消费者还是对工人。

Christopher Reese

你想想，互联网从诞生起就是并且将永远是世界上最大的垄断。我仍然无言以对，当世界从我第一次登录美国在线时变成今天这样。所有人只是放任一切发生，可能我们根本不知道，也可能我们知道但爱上了它，我不知道。

Sebastian Hong

我认为问题不在于垄断的性质。

问题在于企业的目的可能不利于社会。一个网络游戏公司会希望更多人花很长的时间去玩他们的游戏。一个儿童食品生产商会希望孩子们吃更多他们高度加工过的事物。社会公益为了利润被抛在一边。只有负责任的政府能在狂热的资本家头上控制这些。

单词表

allocate v.分配
mismanage vt.处置失当，管理不善
intervention n.介入，干预
inherent a.固有的
limitation n.限制，极限
transferable a.可转让的，可转移的
quota n.定量，配额
determine v.下决心，使做决定
sustainable a.不破坏生态平衡的，可持续的
extraction n.取出，开采
annually ad.一年一次
participant n.参与者
subject to 屈服于……，使遭受……
hefty a.健壮的，大量的 ad.健壮地，大量地 n.健壮，大量
fine n.罚款
relative a.相对的，有关系的 n.亲戚，相关物
share v.分享，分担 n.份额
relative market share 相对市场份额
existing a.现存的，目前的
ensure vt.保证
sticky a.粘的，潮湿的，棘手的
fundamentally ad.基础地，根本地，重要地
mansion n.宅第，府邸
tbh = to be honest 老实说
imho = im my humble opinion 恕我直言
mansion n.宅第，府邸
housing n.房屋，住房供给
sufficient a.足够的，充足的
mobility n.迁移率，机动性
privatize vt.使私有化
in addition to 除……之外
crumb n.面包屑，少许 vt.弄碎，捏碎
regulate vt.调节，规定，控制，校准
abusive a.被滥用的 ad.滥用地 n.滥用
loss n.遗失，失败，减少
idk = I don't know 我不知道
cast v.投掷
cast aside 抛弃

Jon R

The point is market forces are the most effective way to allocate resources towards what society as a whole wants the most. But it's true as the examples point out they are not perfect and can mismanage renewable resources if not for intervention. A general solution for resources with inherent limitations is to use a transferable quota system. Seafood in Canada is managed this way, scientists determine the acceptable sustainable extraction amount annually, and participants in the business each have a % quota from this amount, beyond which extraction is illegal and subject to hefty fines. When the system was first setup it was set at the relative market share of existing participants however after that if someone wants to enter the market they must purchase the share from existing participants. That way the quota ensures the take is sustainable and market forces are allowed to reallocate the quota. Land is a little more sticky since it is a fundamentally limited resource, I don't think anyone has a good idea how to solve that one yet. Though Singapore has a pretty good system to ensure all citizens have access to housing, I think that should be a model for other places.

Maxim Nesterenko

I think the purchases of land should be limited. People can have mansions yes but they can’t just privately own much more land than they will ever need for their needs. Public housing needs to be developed at a number sufficient enough to care for those who can’t purchase a house.

The element of social mobility needs to be kept alive and if everything gets privatized then it disappears, so in addition to public education and housing, there also needs to be something preventing giant privatization.

Tbh, it’s better imho to have socialism then try and fix all the problems capitalism causes.

Adam Laq

There is nothing wrong with having a share of a pie, the problem is when you buy everyone else’s pieces and then no one can even get a crumb.

Maxim Nesterenko

But that naturally happens and that’s why we need a thousand laws to regulate capitalists from becoming powerful abusive monopolies to both consumers and workers.

Christopher Reese

if you think about it the Internet is and will forever be the worlds largest monopolies that have ever existed since the beginning of time. I’m still at loss of words for what it has become from when I logged onto AOL for the first time. Everyone just let it happen, maybe we didn’t even know, maybe we knew but liked it, idk.

Sebastian Hong

I don’t think it’s so much the monopolistic nature that is the issue.

The problem is that the goals of the company may not be good for society. A online gaming company would want as many people to play their games and for a long time. A children food manufacturer would want children to eat more of their highly processed foods. Societal good is cast aside for profit. Only a responsible government can regulate these over zealous capitalists.